Difference between real estate agent and broker
Henry Morales
Published May 03, 2026
Can a real estate agent sell without a broker? This way, any broker can work without a broker. HOWEVER, most real estate sellers who need to work with a real estate agent have conveniently omitted the "down" part of their definition of sub-brokers and refer to themselves as real estate agents.
How long does it take to become a real estate broker?
- California: 135 hours
- New York: 75 hours
- fl: 63 hours
- Pennsylvania: 60 hours
Do real estate agents have to work under a broker?
You can't just pass the real estate test and start selling homes. Real estate agents must operate under the umbrella of a broker when licensed. The requirements vary from state to state, depending on how long you have to work with a broker and what you need to do to obtain a license.
What to do before talking to a real estate agent?
- interrogate some cops, don't interfere with "my grandnephew's brother"
- check them out on the internet.
- Depending on where you live, check for professional complaints.
- Check out their website, were you impressed?
- Have you seen the "For Sale" or "Sold Out" signs next to you from this broker?
Do I need a realtor to sell my house?
A real estate agent at a typical home sale: Helps determine the true price based on current market trends. If you are well organized and focused, you can perform these tasks on your own, but they require good preparation and knowledge. Selling a home without a broker is possible, but you need to know what you are doing.
What is the difference between a realtor and a broker?
As for the compatibility of the items. REALTOR: A broker who is a member of the National Association of REALTORS, meaning they must adhere to the association's standards and code of ethics. Broker: A person who has completed training above the legally required level of brokerage and who has passed the brokerage exam.
Can you buy and sell real estate without a license?
Only after obtaining a state license can you work as a seller or real estate agent. If you are unlicensed and trying to buy or sell real estate as an agent, you have committed a crime by operating real estate without a license.
Should you sell your Maine home without a realtor?
If you sell a home for $326,000, the average home in Maine is over $9,700, which is a significant portion of your potential profit. Selling without a broker, also known as selling by owner (FSBO), is a viable option for experienced home sellers willing to put in the time and effort. However, selling FSBOs carries risks.
Do I need an agent to sell my FSBO in Maine?
FSBO sellers who find a buyer without an agent keep the premium, which is the average commission for buyers' agents in Maine. Real estate laws, processes and trends vary widely across the country. Understanding the details of your market and getting accurate information can make it difficult to sell FSBOs.
Do I need a real estate attorney in Maine?
Remark. Maine is one of several states where sellers must hire a real estate attorney. While they will help you with the paperwork and legal aspects of the deal, they will not help you find or negotiate a buyer. Slim gives you FSBO savings with no extra hassle!
Do you need to disclose seller disclosures in Maine?
While personal preferences vary, each state has its own laws regarding seller disclosures. Find out what Maine law requires you to disclose to ensure you have a sound real estate strategy.
How to find a good real estate agent?
Your agent must review tax returns, liens, leases, location certificates, etc. It is also better to take care of you. That's how they got their real estate permit. Brokers are insured against professional negligence and passivity.
How do I locate a real estate agent?
The next time I went shopping, I promised to do it differently. While brokers have a reputation for being sharks, I think they add value.
Who are the top real estate agents?
Top Agent Los Angeles magazine featured top agents Valerie Fitzgerald, Josh Flagg, Sally Forster Jones, Lydia Simon, Ernie Carswell, Aaron Kirman, Jade Mills, Ben Bakal, Mauricio Umansky, and Mark and Rory Shevin, to name a few. At its core, Top Agent Magazine is an educational publication that helps real estate agents learn how the best real estate agents and brokers in Los Angeles made it to the top.
How do you find a real estate agent?
- Your personal network. According to NAR, about 40% of sellers find their broker this way.
- To investigate. Check each agent's online presence, including social media platforms and consumer testimonials.
- official reference sources.
- Contact a referral agent.
How to sell a house in California without a realtor?
Selling a California Home (Without a Realtor) 1. Find Competitors (Be Nosy Neighbors) 2. Give California Buyers What They Want 3. Analyze California Real Estate Market Data to Determine the Right Listing Price 4. Make Sure Your Photos his real estate doesn't suck 5. Your secret weapon (MLS listed companies in California fixed pay) 6.
Should I Sell FSBO or list my house with a broker?
The choice between them depends on how much you want to attract real and active buyers. You must register your home with a state-licensed MLS fixed fee real estate agent in California and offer buyers a brokerage commission, but you must retain the right to sell the FSBO.
Can you sell a house without an agent?
But due to additional responsibilities, such as setting a list price and negotiating with buyers, a full sale, also known as a sale by owner (FSBO), is often not an option — only for experienced home sellers who are willing to put in the time and effort. That. Selling FSBOs is also risky.
Is it easy to sell a house without a real estate agent?
As websites that allow sellers to list their homes online are growing in popularity, it's easier than ever to sell a home without a real estate agent. About 36% of homeowners try to sell as FSBO (for sale by owner), but only 11% of them complete the process.
What happens if the seller does not have a realtor?
“If the seller doesn't have a Realtor, the buyer's real estate agent generally does most of the work,” said Ryan Hardy, a real estate agent at Gold Coast Realty in Chicago. Here's what you need to know about the paperwork involved in selling a home without a real estate agent writing a contract on the listing, and more.
Can a real estate agent sell without a broker in massachusetts
Massachusetts law requires any person to engage in any of the following activities for others and for or with the expectation of receiving reasonable compensation, commission or other consideration: advertise and/or promote themselves for sale, rental, lease, exchange, barter, buying and selling real estate or real estate options.
Do I need a broker's license in Massachusetts?
In Massachusetts, a real estate agent license is not required for: “Employees of property owners, when the employees perform the activities of a broker or seller in connection with the property in question, and when such activities are routinely or incidentally performed, property management.
Can a real estate broker represent the buyer and seller in Massachusetts?
In Massachusetts, real estate agents or sellers can act as double agents, representing both potential buyers and sellers. These brokers or sellers must obtain the written consent of both the seller and the prospective buyer (Mass. General Laws ch.
What are the real estate laws in the state of Massachusetts?
Massachusetts Law Code, Regulations, and Internet Resources About the Legal Roles and Responsibilities of Real Estate Agents. MGL Sections 6165E Certificate of Suspension, Cancellation or Cancellation of Registration MGL Sections 87PP87DDD1/2 Brokers and Sellers 254 CMR Registration of the Chamber of Brokers .
Can a broker get a lien against a property in Massachusetts?
Massachusetts law does not establish liens on real estate based on unpaid commissions. Brokers with unpaid commission claims can sue for breach of contract. REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES AS ASSURANCE OF A WARRANTY Massachusetts law does not provide for a real estate agent's lien on real estate.
How do I hire a real estate agent?
- Ask for links. Offer your current brokers an incentive to refer a new broker to your brokerage firm.
- promotion from within. Encourage your assistants or other employees to obtain a real estate license and become a real estate agent.
- join organizations.
- Attend industry events.
What are the job responsibilities of a real estate agent?
- A good broker will conduct a market analysis.
- You stay informed of the real estate market, changing trends and best practices.
- They scour open listings to find the best real estate options.
- Every client is individual just like their requests, the broker has to consider each request individually.
How to I become a real estate agent?
Ms. Dora Kayode has held many roles, first as a lawyer, then as the first female FA football agent in Nigeria and also as a real estate developer. As the wife of ■■■■■■■■ striker Shakhtar Donetsk, who is currently on loan to Turkish Super League side Sivaspor Olarenwaju Ayobami Kayode, she juggles everything.
What are the job requirements for a real estate agent?
- Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
- Strong sales and negotiation skills to close deals.
- Ability to multitask, manage time and prioritize activities
- Excellent organizational skills to be able to create a variety of schedules, schedules and budgets.
- Able to work independently on important decisions.
- Excellent honesty and integrity skills.
What are the requirements to become a real estate broker?
- You must be at least 18 years old.
- Must be a licensed real estate agent.
- You must be connected with an active, licensed broker here in Massachusetts.
- You have at least three years of experience as a real estate seller.
- You must take a real estate course with an accredited real estate school (us!).
How to become real estate agent in 5 steps?
- Research the industry. Before becoming a broker, you should get to know the industry well.
- Interviews with real estate agencies. As a real estate agent you must have a license as a real estate agency.
- Complete the pre-license training and the licensing exam.
- Sign up with your brokerage firm.
- Join local, state and national running associations.
What is the difference between a real estate agent and a broker?
- Qualifications Although real estate agents do not have many qualifications to work with real estate, real estate agents do have more qualifications and thus a broader knowledge of real estate.
- Responsibility.
- Independence.
- Income.
- marketing opportunities
- Real estate management company.
How do you become a broker?
The product is designed in such a way that brokers can offer it to their clients as a white label. Trading apps that replicate the desktop to mobile trading experience.
How long does it take to become a real estate broker in california
Obtaining a real estate permit takes five to six months. This can vary depending on how often you have to take the California real estate licensing exam and how long it takes you to find a sponsoring agent. Obtaining a real estate agent license takes more time because you need years of experience in this field.
What are the California real estate broker requirements?
- Complete the Business License Application (RE 201).
- Full Company History Report(s) (RE 212), if applicable.
- Make the corresponding payments.
- Completed Live Scan Service Request (RE 237), if applicable (see fingerprint requirements).
How do you get brokers license in California?
- Be at least 18 years old
- be a legal resident and
- At least two years' experience as a full-time licensed real estate salesperson within the past five years or four years of education from an accredited college or university, including a major
How do you get a real estate license in California?
- You must be at least 18 years old.
- If you are not a California resident, you can find information about out-of-state applicants here.
- All applicants must be honest and truthful, and a criminal conviction may result in a denial of a permit.
How long does it take to become a real estate broker in florida
A Florida brokerage license requires two years of experience as a licensed business associate before applying for a brokerage license. In addition to your previous work experience, you must complete the 72-hour Florida brokerage course and pass the state exam.
How do you become a real estate agent in Florida?
- Be at least 18 years old
- Do you have a citizen service number?
- have a high school diploma
How to get your Florida real estate broker license?
Florida Real Estate Agent License Requirements: In the state of Florida, 2 years of experience as a Certified Business Associate is required to obtain a Real Estate Agent License. In addition to experience, you must complete the 72-hour Florida real estate broker pre-license course and pass the state exam.
What are the requirements to become a real estate agent?
- Be at least 18 years old
- Be an official US resident
- You have a HBO entrance diploma, or a qualification that is equivalent to a HBO entrance examination.
- Follow the pre-license course
- Take the real estate exam and pass it
How long does it take to become a real estate broker in illinois
However, if you have a standard real estate broker's license or are new to real estate, it can take up to three years to meet the requirements of an Illinois real estate agent.
Step #1 † Meet the requirements for administrative brokerage experience in Illinois.
How to be a successful real estate broker?
Find a broker who "meets your expectations". If you want to buy real estate, you need to find a conscientious and social real estate agent. Prepare documents. Be quick and introduce yourself if you can. Pay rent in advance. Keep applying.
Should you become a real estate broker?
You've seen the headlines.
What is the process of becoming a real estate agent?
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Be a United States citizen, non-citizen, or qualified alien under federal law.
- Complete the state-approved 75-hour brokerage pre-license course.
- Pass the North Carolina state exam with a minimum score of 75%.
How long does it take to become a real estate broker in texas
To become a Texas broker, a graduate student and four years of active real estate experience need only complete a 30-hour course covered by the Texas Brokerage School Registry. You must have completed a minimum of 900 hours of teaching before receiving a college degree from TREC.
What does it take to become a real estate agent in Texas?
It takes time to become a real estate agent or agent in Texas, but the hours are worth it. You have the opportunity to pursue a promising career in real estate that allows you to be your own boss. All you need is a real estate license. Read here what is important. How long does it take to get a real estate license in Texas?
How long does the Texas real estate license exam take?
Before you can get a real estate license in Texas, you must pass a final exam. Technically, the real estate permit exam takes a maximum of two and a half hours. But first, you need to plan ahead and plan for your property valuation.
How do I apply for a broker license in Texas?
If you prefer, you can also apply for a real estate broker's license with a paper application. You are required by law to provide your fingerprints to the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) for background checks.
How do I become a real estate broker?
Older students have a unique opportunity to step into the real world by learning about real estate and potentially becoming licensed agents by age 18.
How to start a real estate brokerage?
Your agent must review tax returns, liens, leases, location certificates, etc. It is also better to take care of you. So they got a real estate permit.
What are the best careers in real estate?
Find distressed properties with a motivated seller who wants to sell quickly. Ask the landlord to sign the contract and sell the property. Assess the facility's repair need and prepare an RDA (against repair cost). Find someone to buy real estate .
What are the benefits of becoming a real estate agent?
In the longer term, the potential increase in popularity of the metaverse could create opportunities for a new generation of brokers (virtual brokers) who can help buyers and sellers navigate the process safely and complete virtual transactions with confidence. But for the typical cop, those days are probably long gone.
Do real estate agents have to work under a broker in texas
In Texas, TREC requires real estate professionals to first qualify as agents before they can become agents. In addition, the commercial agent must work under the auspices of a licensed broker. In this sense, the runner is the 'thinking authority' - he or she is the professional leader in the team.
Is it ■■■■■■ to become a broker or agent in Texas?
While it is true that the requirements for real estate agents in Texas mean that it is much more difficult to become a real estate agent than becoming a real estate agent, the fact is that it is much more satisfying to enter the next stage of a real estate career.
How long does it take to become a real estate broker in Texas?
The training requirements are much more intense than those of a real estate agent. You must complete a total of 270 hours of full-time training to qualify as a real estate agent in Texas. These include: These are courses required to meet the requirements of the Real Estate Qualification Course.
What to do if your real estate broker dies in Texas?
You must find a new sponsoring agent and file this sponsoring agent change with the Texas Real Estate Commission. None of the agreements in effect at the time of the agent's death (for example, agreements for customer representation and agreements with independent contractors for sales agents) will survive your death.
How to talk to a real estate agent?
How do you talk to a real estate agent. 1 Work with an agent. Be direct and ask your agent about the exclusivity conditions if you are not sure. When signing a contract with a broker, you often need to be 2 Be clear about how you want to communicate. 3 Communicate your wants and needs. 4 Ask questions. 5 Call them today.
What are the questions to ask when hiring a realtor?
26 questions to ask yourself before you hire a broker 1 Before you hire a broker. How long have you been an agent? † 2 After hiring an agent. You have found your broker. However, the refresh process is not yet complete. Can you explain the home buying process from start to finish? 3 Once you have found a home.
Should I call or contact other Realtors when listing a home?
If your agent expects exclusivity, do not contact or call any other agents. When you find a property you want to view, please contact your real estate agent, not the listed real estate agent. You hired your real estate agent to find the right property for you. Working behind your agent's back can potentially ruin your customer-agent relationship and affect your communications.
Should first-time home buyers talk to a real estate agent?
For first-time home buyers, it's best to talk to a real estate agent before choosing a mortgage lender. Your credit is important, but your broker is more important. Your mortgage is a small part of the deal.
What to do before talking to a real estate agent and broker
Call the agent and request a 30 minute appointment at their office. You can interview by phone, but in person is better. Be honest and explain that you plan to talk to two or three agents before hiring someone. The agent will understand.
Do you have to wait to talk to a real estate broker?
You don't have to wait. There are many brokerage firms that take the opportunity to talk to a potential new broker.) When looking for a broker, keep these 15 things in mind. 1. Commission Match Too many new brokers think their brokerage selection is primarily based on commission sharing.
How to find a good real estate broker?
The best way to find out if a broker is available is to ask the agents who currently work there. 10. Administrative Support Paperwork can be a nightmare for many aspiring entrepreneurs.
What should you expect as a new real estate agent?
As a new broker you have many questions and concerns. Getting a prompt response from your agent or manager when you have a question or concern is a reasonable expectation. The best way to find out if a broker is available is to ask the agents who currently work there. 10.
What questions should I ask when hiring a real estate manager?
You should ask if the manager or broker also sells real estate as their personal output may affect the time you have available to them or even conflict with you. Ask how many full-time and part-time agents the manager is responsible for.
What to do before talking to a real estate agent in california
Preparing your home for the Open House before the real estate agent comes over will help you see the full potential of your home and sell it better. Bring extra shoes and a jacket. If they are outside, it indicates a lack of closet/storage space.
What should I know before hiring a real estate agent?
Before you hire a broker, understand the mortgage options that are available to you. There are many factors that affect the length, price, and interest rate of a mortgage, and each of these factors determines what type of home you can afford. Also keep in mind that prequalification for a mortgage is not the same as preapproval.
Should you get pre-approved before calling a real estate agent?
Doing this before you pick up the phone to call a real estate agent will give you a head start. According to the Zillow Group's 2017 Consumer Housing Trends Report, 92% of buyers get approved first.
How do I become a real estate agent in California?
In California, you take a final exam to test your knowledge in pre-licensing courses. You must score a minimum of 70% on this exam to fully complete the pre-licensing element of your real estate education. You have two attempts for the final exam.
What are the requirements for the California real estate salesperson exam?
Three college-level courses are required to pass the real estate sales exam: By law, members of the State Bar of California are exempt from college-level course requirements.
What to do before talking to a real estate agent in florida
Call the agent and request a 30 minute appointment at their office. You can interview by phone, but in person is better. Be honest and explain that you plan to talk to two or three agents before hiring someone.
How to become a real estate agent in Florida?
The first step to becoming a real estate agent in Florida is to choose a real estate school and complete 63-hour licensing prep courses. To help you choose a school, they recommend their guide to the best online real estate schools in Florida.
How do I know if my real estate agent is good?
Understanding the relationship between buyers and sellers will give you an idea of your agent's reach. Having a balanced list of customers can mean that they know both sides of the process very well.
How do you write a real estate agent bio?
Know your market and communicate with it directly. You can use the steps above to write a broker biography that will resonate with your specific market – meet their specific concerns and meet their specific desires. Once you've done that, your ideal market will have no choice but to partner with you.because you're the perfect person.
How do you write a resume for a real estate agent?
Tell them about your real estate experience. Share a link to the region where you sell. Focus on the value you provide to your customers. Add one of your special designations (if applicable). Provide previous sales statistics (if applicable). Add prizes won (if applicable). Tell a story or provide personal information about yourself.
What do potential clients look for in a real estate bio?
First impressions are important and when potential clients find your real estate site, they are looking for information about you and your experience. The best way to share these details is to write a bio with information about your real estate experience.
How do you write a sales profile for a real estate agent?
Share a link to the region where you sell. Focus on the value you provide to your customers. Add one of your special designations (if applicable). Provide previous sales statistics (if applicable).
What are the requirements to become a real estate agent in Texas?
Before starting the process, make sure you meet the Texas brokerage licensing requirements: You must be at least 18 years old. Must pass a background check. Unsurprisingly, the process involves a little more. Interested in learning how to become a real estate agent in Texas? Here are the steps to follow: .
How to become an inactive real estate sales agent in Texas?
To begin your new real estate career, you must create an account with the Texas Real Estate Commission's online service. From there, you can complete the inactive broker license application and pay the $185 license fee. You can also print the downloadable form and mail it if you wish.
What is the fastest way to get a Texas real estate license?
The fastest way to get a real estate license in Texas is to choose an online real estate school that allows you to work at your own pace. View the program of Real Estate Express.
How do I negotiate my realtor Commission?
Before delving into specific tips for negotiating broker commissions, it's important to note that you should always approach a potential broker, and negotiations in general, with respect and consideration. Remember, you can trust your agent to guide you through a difficult, risky and stressful process.
How does a real estate agent’s commission work?
All details regarding the broker's commission (and any transaction fees charged by the broker) should be included in the contract you sign when you hire the broker. This is commonly known as a listing agreement and also states how long the agent will be representing you. (Normally, offer contracts last between 90 and 120 days.) .
Should you talk to a lender or a real estate agent first?
There is some debate about whether you should talk to a lender first when making a decision about buying a home or with a real estate agent. Both options have their pros and cons, but the bottom line is that your broker is even better as long as your credit is excellent. Your mortgage is really just one part of a big deal.
How do I interview with a real estate agent?
Call the agent and request a 30 minute appointment at their office. You can interview by phone, but in person is better. Be honest and explain that you plan to talk to two or three agents before hiring someone. The agent will understand.
Is there any paperwork involved in being a real estate agent?
Yes, there are documents if you are a broker. You must understand the laws and regulations of your market and be organized enough to handle the paperwork involved in buying and selling real estate.
What is the role of a real estate agent?
Job search An innovative and competent broker must be able to take on the role of mediator between buyer and seller. Here are other duties and responsibilities a real estate agent must perform: Maintain good relationships with lenders, appraisers, building inspectors, and trust companies.
Can I add my company’s details to my real estate job description?
To provide information about your specific real estate roles and responsibilities, simply add your company information to a real estate agent job description template to create a custom job posting. Can I customize your real estate job description?
What is the difference between a broker and agent?
Main broker Managing broker Associate broker.
What are the responsibilities of a real estate broker?
- Receive a cash offer. The internet has revolutionized the way people buy and sell homes by eliminating the need to list real estate.
- Change your home.
- Private Sale (FSBO) When you go the FSBO route, you sell your home without a real estate agent, but there's a caveat: You have to take it
How to be a really good beginner real estate agent?
- A good business relationship means good communication and communication time is crucial!
- Pick a time of day and channel (phone, email or text) that works for the customer - don't hesitate and don't talk about a deal if it's too big.
- Ask questions and be a good listener.
How to get started as a new real estate agent?
- Be available. You can work with five clients at a time, but if you can't give each person your full attention, you can enjoy your earnings (and
- define goals. Did you know that 83% of people don't set goals?
- Make a marketing plan.
- Become an expert in your market.
- build a relationship.
What classes to take to become a real estate agent?
- Check state requirements. The best way to get started if you want to become a real estate agent within 60 days is to familiarize yourself with the requirements in your state.
- Complete the pre-licensing course. Once you've read your state's requirements to become a real estate agent, it's time to choose your pre-licensing course.
- Prepare for the exam.
- Apply and pass the state exam.
What are the qualities of a good real estate agent?
- Open communication. A good broker knows the importance of good communication with his clients.
- professional reputation. The best brokers run a business based on loyalty and referrals, which means that most of their clients are regular buyers and sellers or people recommended by friends.
- Knowledge of the local market.
- Strong marketing strategy.
What is the average income of a real estate broker?
The base salary for a real estate agent ranges from $55,111 to $78,622, with a median base salary of $62,300. Total cash compensation, including base and annual incentives, can range from $56,431 to $80,368, with an average total cash compensation of $64,430.
How much do beginner real estate agents make?
Most brokers I know start with simple commissions of five thousand to ten thousand per trade, but when you build them up they can go up to 15,000, 20,000, 50,000 and it doesn't matter in what currency because in all countries the same standards of commission , everything works for interest in .
What's the difference between broker status levels in North Carolina?
The difference is in the status level of your broker license. So what's the difference between these levels? This is an entry-level qualification for a real estate career in North Carolina. After completing the necessary training, passing the state exam and obtaining a permit, you become a temporary broker.
What is a full broker in North Carolina?
He is often referred to as a full-fledged broker or broker without provisional status. In other states, a real estate salesperson refers to people who perform positions similar to those of a real estate agent in North Carolina. Go from temporary broker to broker by meeting the above training requirements.
What is the difference between a broker and an associate broker?
Associate Agent – Sometimes referred to as Associate Agent, Sales Agent, or Affiliate Agent. This real estate professional is licensed as a broker, but works under the direction of a manager. In general, this person is not responsible for supervising other agents. Who is a broker?
How to become a real estate broker
Depending on the state, prospective real estate agents must work as a real estate agent for one to three years before they can apply for a license. Additional weeks or months may be required to complete the required training and pass the broker's license exam.
How hard is it to be a real estate broker?
- Qualification. Most states require applicants to be 18 or 19 years old.
- Course. Education requirements vary by state, but most states require a certain number of hours of study.
- Study. When you have completed all compulsory courses, you have to take the test.
- Find a broker.
- Sell houses.
What are the benefits to being a real estate broker?
- Make your own watch. One of the main advantages of a broker is the flexibility of hours.
- working from home.
- develop communication skills.
- Know the market.
- To earn a lot of money.
- View different properties.
- Title is not required.
- Becoming a real estate agent has never been easier.
How you can obtain a California real estate license?
Real Estate Principles (45 credit hours) Real Estate Practices (45 credit hours) 45 credit hours of an additional elective course approved by the California Department of Real Estate.
What are the requirements for a California real estate license?
Requirements. To be eligible you must: Be at least 18 years old. You have a secondary education diploma or equivalent. Complete 90 hours of approved real estate training. This training should include: A 60-hour basic real estate course. Real estate course of 30 hours.
How do you obtain a real estate license in California?
Be at least 18 years old. Be a California resident. Be honest and truthful. A conviction for a crime can lead to a refusal of the license.